Léon Daum (21 March 1887 – 28 May 1966) was a French mining engineer, company director and senior European administrator.
He was a member of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community from 1952 to 1959.
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Origins
Léon Daum's grandfather was Jean Daum (1825–85), a notary in Bitche who settled in Nancy in 1871.
Jean Daum became a master glass maker in 1876, and from 1878 was the owner of the Fonderies de Nancy.
Léon's parents were Jean Louis Auguste Daum (1853–1909) and Jeanne Constantin (d. 1921).
Auguste Daum started as a notary's clerk but in 1885 joined Jean Daum in managing the glass factory.
Auguste Daum became president of the Nancy Commercial Court in 1904.
Léon's brother Antonin Jean Daum (1864–1930) trained as an engineer at the École Centrale, took over technical direction of the Daum company and then headed the company after Auguste Daum died in 1909.
The Daum family influenced the Art Nouveau movement with their ceramic art of the École de Nancy.
Early years
Léon Daum was born in Nancy on 21 March 1887.
He attended the École Polytechnique from 1905 to 1907, then went on to the École des mines de Paris.
He joined the Corps des mines.
He was sent on a mission to the United States and Canada from May to November 1911.
He became an engineer at the Douai mines in 1911.
The Clarence catastrophe occurred there on 3 September 1912.
Léon was cited by the Corps des mines for the devotion and technical wisdom he applied to the perilous work of assisting the victims.
On 5 June 1913 Léon Daum married Jeanne Poincaré, daughter of the mathematician Henri Poincaré (1854–1912).
They had no children, and his wife became blind when she was aged 40.
Around 1919 his mother-in-law asked him to review a proposed posthumous collection of Poincare's articles.
He took the task seriously, and wrote a long note in which he argued that the collection had little value as a philosophical collection.
Industrial administrator
Daum was head of the mines department in Morocco from December 1913 to July 1914.
During World War I (1914–18) he was an artillery captain from 1914 to 1917.
He returned to Morocco from November 1917 to December 1918.
In January 1919 he was appointed head of the mines control department of the Saar.
In January 1920 he was appointed personnel director of the Saar mines, and in January 1921 was appointed chief engineer of the mines.
In May 1921 he joined the Compagnie des forges et aciéries de la marine et d'Homécourt as chief engineer.
In 1923 Daum participated in the Inter-Allied Mission for Control of Factories and Mines (MICUM) during the occupation of the Ruhr.
In April 1925 he was appointed deputy director general of Marine-Homécourt and in 1927 he was made general director by its head, Théodore Laurent.
Daum was discharged from the Corps des mines in 1929.
Between 1930 and 1939 Marine-Homécourt suffered from the depression, strikes and the flooding of the Homécourt mine.
While at Marine-Homécourt he was also a director of Hauts fournaux de Givors, Aciéries de Dilling, and Crédit National.
Léon Daum was one of the leaders of the Comité des forges, the French steelmaker's association.
Post-war
After the Liberation of France Daum was appointed president of Rombas to revive that company.
In 1945 Daum was one of the founders of the Association of Executive Managers of Industry (ACADI: Association des Cadres Dirigeants de l'Industrie).
In 1948 he was a member of the French delegation to the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) Steel Committee, then chairman of this Committee.
In 1948 he promoted the creation of Sollac.
He facilitated the creation of Sidelor, and prepared the merger of Marine-Homécourt with the Aciéries de Saint-Etienne.
In 1949 Daum was appointed vice president and general manager of Marine-Homécourt.
On 24 April 1952 he was made a commander of the Legion of Honour by Théodore Laurent.
Although he had been trained to succeed Laurent as managing director of Marine-Homécourt, when the 90-year-old Laurent was reappointed for another six years at the age of 90 he gave up and resigned.
At the request of Robert Schuman he agreed to become one of the first nine members of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
Daum was a member of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community from 1952 to 1959.
He was expected to be an effective representative of French industrial interests, but in fact he took a detached long-term view and was soon the target of complaints of indifference from the steel associations.