Antonov is a masculine Russian surname that is derived from the male given name Anton and literally means Anton's. I.e., it is a patronymic surname derived from the Antonius root name. Its feminine counterpart is Antonova. It may refer to:
Aleksandr Antonov (disambiguation), several people
Aleksei Antonov (1896–1962), Soviet Army general
Anatoly Antonov (born 1955), Russian diplomat
Dmytro Antonov (born 1996), Ukrainian footballer
Oleg Antonov, multiple people
Sergei Antonov (1948–2007), Bulgarian accused of involvement in attempt by Mehmet Ali Ağca to kill Pope John Paul II
Vadim Antonov (born 1965), Russian/American software engineer and entrepreneur
Vladimir Antonov (disambiguation), several people
Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko (1883–1939), Soviet statesman and party figure
Yuri Antonov, Soviet and Russian composer, singer and musician