Neruda (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnɛruda]; feminine: Nerudová) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the name include:
Alois Neruda (1837–1899), Czech cellist
Danuše Nerudová (born 1979), Czech economist
Franz Xaver Neruda (1843–1915), Czech-Danish cellist, son of Josef Neruda
Freedom Neruda (born 1956), Ivorian journalist
Jan Neruda (1834–1891), Czech journalist, writer and poet
Johann Baptist Neruda (c. 1707–1780), Czech composer
Josef Neruda (1807–1875), Czech organist, great-grandson of Johann Baptist Neruda
Maria Neruda (1838–1911), Czech-Swedish violinist, daughter of Josef Neruda
Pablo Neruda (1904–1973), Chilean poet, writer and socialist politician, Nobel laureate for Literature
Wilma Neruda (1838–1911), Czech violinist, daughter of Josef Neruda