Marie Stewart (7 April 1576 – 11 May 1644) was a Scottish courtier and Countess of Mar by marriage. She was the daughter of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox and Catherine de Balsac d’Entragues (d. c.1631) and a favourite of James VI of Scotland. After her marriage to John Erskine, 2nd Earl of Mar, as was customary in Scotland, she did not change her name, and signed her letters as "Marie Stewart".
Contents
Marriage and conversion
In February 1584 James VI proposed that Marie Stewart might marry Lord Home or John Home of Coldenknowes. She was said to be "little above seven years old".
Marie and her older sister Henrietta came to Scotland in 1588, arriving at Leith while James VI was at the siege of Lochmaben Castle. Their older brother Ludovic had been summoned to Scotland in November 1583. In June 1588, James VI requested that Edinburgh town council host the two sisters for 15 or 20 days. Henrietta married George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly on 21 July.
Her second sister, Gabrielle was a nun in France at Glatigny, and a scheme for her to marry Hugh Montgomerie, 5th Earl of Eglinton in 1598 came to nothing.
Marie became a lady-in-waiting in the household of Anne of Denmark, queen consort of James VI, in December 1590 at Henrietta's request. The Masters of the Queen's Household wrote a memorandum about expenses of meals, and mentioned that Marie Stewart ought to have a breakfast because she was a "tender bairn". On 13 June 1592 Anna of Denmark ordered matching orange gowns with green sleeves for herself, Marie Stewart, and the Danish maiden of honour Margaret Vinstarr, a demonstration of favour and loyalty.
It was thought that Marie might marry the Earl of Argyll instead of a suggested bride, Agnes Douglas, a daughter of the Earl of Morton by the persuasion of "very great personages". This match had been discussed in March 1589 by an English man at the Scottish court, Thomas Fowler, who noted that Marie Stewart and her sister were Catholics.
In December 1592 Marie married the widower John Erskine, Earl of Mar. The banns were published at Stirling on 17 September 1592. The wedding was first planned to be at Dalkeith Palace, on 1 October, but the Earl was ill. He was older at thirty five, she was regarded as "ane tender bairn". A story descended in the family of the Earls of Haddington and was recorded by Sir Walter Scott that at first Marie scorned the older man, and James VI hearing of this, encouraged his old friend, swearing an oath, "ye shanna die, Jock for onny lass in a' the land", meaning in modernised terms "you shall not die, Jock, for any lass in all the land".
The wedding celebrations were held at Holyrood Palace and Alloa Tower in December 1592. James and Anne of Denmark gave her clothes, including a "pair of baleen bodies" (a bodice stiffened with whalebone). The wedding gown shone with glittering cloth of gold and cloth of silver. There was a masque in costume in which Anne of Denmark performed. The festivities at Alloa were cut short when Sir John Carmichael and Sir George Home arrived from Edinburgh with news of the crisis caused by the discovery of the Spanish blanks.
Marie was a Catholic, and the earl was urged by the Kirk of Scotland to make her embrace the Protestant religion. In 1609 a marriage was planned between their son John Erskine and Jean Hay, daughter of the Earl of Errol who was thought to be Catholic. The king asked the Earl of Mar for Jean to make her profession of faith before the church, before the marriage. After the marriage she should be instructed and taught "according to that president whiche you haif alreddy kyithed in your owne wyife" - that Jean Hay should be taught the Protestant religion as Marie had been.
Marie was instructed by the minister of Stirling, Patrick Simson (1556-1618). Simson preached to her sister and brother-in-law, the Marquess of Huntly, when they were warded in Stirling Castle in March 1609. Marie was considered an excellent convert. James Caldwell minister of Falkirk dedicated his The Countesse of Marres Arcadia, or Sanctuarie Containing morning, and evening meditations, for the whole weeke (John Wreittoun: Edinburgh, 1625), to her, including a dedicatory letter by P. Anderson mentioning that "The Countesse of Pembroke's Arcadia is for the bodie; but the Countesse of Marre her Arcadia is for the Soule", and "amongst the many Noble Ladies of this Kingdome, your Honour to bee a true Paterne of modest Pietie, a perfect mirror of feminine gravitie, & a liberall supplier of the necessities of the poore, yea, in time of dearth, and scarsetie: And as his Majestie long since, in his Booke of Poesies, called your Noble Father the Phoenix of al the Nobility; so may the world esteeme your Honour to be another elect Lydia of that same Noble qualitie". The reference is to Lydia of Thyatira, an early convert to Christianity.
Faction in Scotland
Marie Stewart was at court in May 1593, with her sister Henrietta, Countess of Huntly, and on 31 May with Anne of Denmark and the ladies of the royal household went to Leith to inspect the ship of the Danish ambassadors Niels Krag and Steen Bille at Leith, and rewarded the sailors with gold coins.
In October 1593 she was visited at Brechin Castle by her brother-in-law, the Earl of Huntly. Her brother, the Duke of Lennox was also at Brechin, and Marie was given a charter, a sasine, of fishing rights on the West Esk.
In a letter to Mar in September 1594, James VI called Marie Stewart his "aunt". James gave Marie a ring set with 11 diamonds, worth £300 Scots in May 1595. This gift was probably after the birth of her son, who was baptised at Stirling on 20 July 1595 with the king as a godparent.
Marie Stewart and her sister Henrietta were Dames of Honour at the christening of Prince Charles on 23 December 1600 at Holyrood.
Marie was involved in factional politics, supporting her husband and also the cause of her sister and the Earl of Huntly. In October 1595 the Earl of Mar's faction hoped that Anne of Denmark would influence the selection of the Chancellor of Scotland in their favour. Marie visited the queen at Linlithgow Palace but was kept waiting outside her chamber door for an hour. Marie argued with her brother, the Duke of Lennox, in May 1602 about accusations her husband may have made and implicated Sir Thomas Erskine. James Sempill of Beltrees reported her conversation to Robert Cecil. The Earl of Northampton reported this back to Mar.
In December 1602, her sister the Countess of Huntly came to Stirling Castle to see her and Prince Henry, and both sisters travelled to Holyrood Palace on Christmas Eve. In May 1603 Anne of Denmark came to Stirling hoping to collect her son Prince Henry, who was officially in the keeping of the Earl of Mar and his late mother Annabell Murray, who had recently died. The Earl of Mar himself was temporarily absent accompanying James VI to London to assume the English throne following the death of Elizabeth I. Anne sent a message to Marie that she would have her son delivered to her to travel with her to England. Anne arrived at Stirling Castle, and sat down to dinner with Marie and her stepson, the Master of Mar. She fainted into the arms of Marie and Agnes Douglas, Countess of Argyll, and when Jean Drummond and Marion Boyd, Mistress of Paisley, carried her to bed she had a miscarriage. The lawyer Thomas Hamilton gave an eyewitness account of these events, and said the queen had told her physician Martin Schöner and Lady Paisley that she had taken "some balm water that hastened her abort". Some biographers of Anne of Denmark assert that the "Lady Mar" of this incident was the dowager countess, Annabell Murray.
Legacy and letters
A number of letters written by Marie Stewart survive in the National Library of Scotland, she wrote to her son Charles in November 1639, "Now within thri or four days I look for yow, the does of the park ar longing for yow, and so am I". Her correspondents included the Minister Alexander Henderson and the poet David Murray of Gorthy. Alexander Hume, minister of Logie, linked Marie with the poet "elder Lady Elizabeth Melville, Lady Comrie", in his will in December 1609, wishing them both "love, Christian affection, and blessing".
In a dedication to her brother, the Duke of Lennox, Andrew Simson wrote that she had commanded and directed his uncle Patrick Simson's work on The Historie of the Church since the Dayes of our Saviour Iesus Christ, untill this present age (London, 1624). The book includes a dedicatory letter to Marie Stewart, compiled from dedications by Patrick Simson, minister of Stirling, to three earlier works, the Short Compend of the historie of the first ten persecutions, which was published in three parts in Edinburgh, in 1613, 1615 and 1616. The title pages of the Short Compend also refer to Marie Stewart by quoting Luke 10:42, "Marie hath chosen the good part, which shall not be taken away from her" from the story of Mary and Martha.
Referring again to her conversion, Patrick's brother, the minister Archibald Simson dedicated his "True Record of Life and Death of Master Patrick Simsone" to Marie and her daughter-in-law, writing in March 1619 that Patrick Simson had been the "happy instrument of God to begett your Ladyships as a spiritual father in Jesus Christ".
She was a patron of the calligrapher and illustrator Esther Inglis. A drawing by Inglis dated January 1622 illustrates the "wise woman who builds her house" from Proverbs 14:1, with a Latin dedication to the Earl and to the "remarkable piety" of Maria Stewart, Countess of Mar. The image of a woman building a wall used by Esther Inglis follows an engraving designed by Georgette de Montenay which identified the wise woman as Jeanne d'Albret mother of the Protestant Henri of Navarre.
She is also known for her household account book made by her steward George Monorgun, published as Extracts from the Household Book of Lady Marie Stewart, Daughter of Esme, Duke of Lenox, and Countess of Mar (Edinburgh, 1812). The account records Highland singers, pipers, drummers, and harpers. It also includes charitable gifts to the poor, and poor musicians, including Keller, a blind singer from Dunbar. A pair of virginals thought to have belonged to Marie are now in the National Museum of Scotland.
Family
She had at least twelve children:
James Erskine (c.1594–died 1640), Earl of Buchan, knighted in 1603 and later a gentleman of the bedchamber to Charles I.
Anna Erskine (1597–1640), married John Leslie, 6th Earl of Rothes, subject of a portrait by George Jamesone, Scottish National Portrait Gallery PG2456. In November 1614 Viscount Fenton discussed the marriage of Mar's daughter Anna Erskine to a son of the Earl of Rothes. Although Rothes was an ancient and noble house, Fenton would not have advised that Mar's eldest sons should marry a daughter of the "last Lady Rothes that was". They were married 1616, at a double wedding with her brother James and his bride, Mary, Countess of Buchan. At the time, Marie, Countess of Mar, was pregnant.
Mary Erskine (1596–1664), who married in 1609 William Keith, 6th Earl Marischal, subject of a portrait by George Jamesone, Scottish National Portrait Gallery NG958. She subsequently married Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure.
Margaret Erskine (1599–1640), married John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne, son of Anne Murray.
Annabella Erskine (1601), died young.
Catherine Erskine (1603–1635), who married Thomas Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Haddington. She died in 1635 and her mother's servants made efforts to recover her jewelry, including a feather set with 49 diamonds, from her creditors in London. Her husband was killed by the explosion at Dunglass Castle in 1640.
Alexander Erskine (1604– 1640), in 1626 his father wrote to Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia declining a plan for his marriage. He was killed by the explosion at Dunglass Castle on 30 August 1640, He was probably the subject of a portrait by George Jamesone.
Arthur Erskine of Scotscraig, (1605–1651), who married in 1628 Margaret Buchanan daughter of Margaret Hartsyde and John Buchanan of Scotscraig. He was killed at the Battle of Worcester.
