Ilse Beatrice Twardowski-Conrat

Ilse von Twardowski or Ilse Twardowski-Conrat (1880–1942) was an Austrian sculptor. She created many noted sculptures. She took her own life in 1942 as a result of the Holocaust. Life Twardowski was born in Vienna in 1880. Her father was a merchant who converted from the Jewish faith in 1882 together with his family. Her father changed his name from Hugh Cohn to Hugh Conrat. His brother who became a leading bacteriologist, Ferdinand Cohn, kept his birth name. Her sister, Erica Tietze-Conrat, was one of the first women to study art history, a strong supporter of contemporary art in Vienna and an art historian specializing in Renaissance art and the Venetian school drawings. Twardowski became a leading sculptor after training with Josef Breitner and Charles van der Stappen. One of her commissions was the gravestone for Johannes Brahms whom she had known. Another early commission was for Empress Elisabeth of Austria. She exhibited in 1909 in the "8 women artists" exhibition. She joined the Austrian Association of Women Artists (VBKÖ) which was founded in 1910 and that year she was chosen to create a funerary monument for her teacher Charles van der Stappen. In 1935 she was told that she could no longer practice her art in Munich. She had to sell her large studio and move out to the suburbs.