Heineken is a patronymic surname meaning "son of little Hein" (Henry). Notable people with the surname include:
Agnes Heineken (1872–1954), German politician
Carl Heinrich von Heineken (1707–1791), German art historian
Christian Heinrich Heineken (1721–1725), German child prodigy
Gerard Adriaan Heineken (1841–1893), founder of the brewing company Heineken
Freddy Heineken (1923–2002), former president of the brewing company Heineken
Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken (1954) Dutch businesswoman, heiress of the family that founded the brewing company Heineken
Karl Heineken (died 1830), German physician and ornithologist
Marie Heineken (1844–1930), Dutch painter